Industri penerbangan Australia dibuka sejak tahun 1920-an yang diawali dengan munculnya Western Australian Airways di bagian pantai barat serta Australian Aircraft and Engineering Company Airways di pantai timur. Satu tahun berikutnya, yaitu pada tahun 1921 dibentuklan Queensland dan Northern Territory Aerial Services atau yang kita kenal dengan Qantas yang terus beroperasi hingga hari ini. 
Australia memiliki beberapa maskapai penerbangan internasional yakni Qantas, Virgin Australia, Jetstar, Tiger Airways, dan Rex. Selain ke-5 maskapai penerbangan tersebut, masih ada beberapa maskapai yang melayani penerbangan domestik di Australia. Berikut adalah daftar maskapai penerbangan miliki Australia baik yang masih aktif maupun yang sudah dinonaktifkan,
| Maskapai Penerbangan Aktif Australia | ||
| Nama Maskapai | Basis Maskapai | Keterangan |
| Air Link | Bandara Dubbo | – |
| Airnorth | Bandara Kununurra, Bandara Internasional Darwin | – |
| Alliance Airlines | Bandara Brisbane | – |
| Cobham Aviation Services Australia | Bandara Internasional Adelaide | – |
| Corporate Air | Bandara Internasional Canberra | – |
| Eastern Australia Airlines | Bandara Sydney | Beroperasi di bawah Qantaslink |
| Express Freighters Australia | Bandara Sydney | – |
| FlyPelican | Bandara Bankstown | – |
| Fly Tiwi Airlines | Bandara Internasional
Darwin |
– |
| Hardy Aviation | Bandara Internasional
Darwin |
– |
| Heavylift Cargo Airlines | Bandara Brisbane | – |
| Hinterland Aviation | Bandara Internasional
Cairns |
– |
| Inland Pacific Air | Bandara Townsville | – |
| JetEx | Bandara Internasional
Adelaide |
Beroperasi di bawah Qantaslink |
| JetGo Australia | Bandara Sydney | – |
| Jetstar Airways | Bandara Melbourne | – |
| King Island Airlines | Bandara Moorabbin | – |
| Maroomba Airlines | Bandara Perth | – |
| Network Aviation | Bandara Perth | – |
| Par Avion Airlines | Cambridge Aerodrome | – |
| Pel-Air | Bandara Sydney | – |
| Qantas | Bandara Sydney , Bandara Melbourne | – |
| Qantas Freight | Bandara Sydney , Bandara Melbourne | – |
| Regional Express Airlines | Bandara Sydney | – |
| SEAIR Pacific | Bandara Gold Coast | – |
| Sharp Airlines | Bandara Hamilton | – |
| Skyforce Aviation | Bandara Bankstown | – |
| Skippers Aviation | Bandara Perth | – |
| Skytraders | Bandara Hobart | – |
| Sydney Seaplanes | Rose Bayseaplane base | – |
| Sunstate Airlines | Bandara Brisbane | Beroperasi di bawah Qantaslink |
| Tasman Cargo Airlines[2] | Bandara Sydney | – |
| Tigerair Australia | Bandara Melbourne | – |
| Toll Aviation | Bandara Brisbane | – |
| Virgin Australia | Bandara Brisbane , Bandara Melbourne , Bandara Sydney | – |
| Virgin Australia International Airlines | Bandara Sydney | – |
| Virgin Australia Regional Airlines | Bandara Perth | – |
| West Wing Aviation | Bandara Mount Isa | – |
| Maskapai Penerbangan Non-Aktif Australia | ||
| Nama Maskapai | Mulai Beroperasi | Operasi dihentikan |
| Aboriginal Air Services | 2000 | 2006 |
| Aeropelican Air Services | 1994 | 2013 |
| Aero-Tropics Air Services | 1999 | 2008 |
| Air Australia | 2008 | 2012 |
| Airlink (Australia) | 1991 | 2008 |
| Ansett Australia | 1936 | 2002 |
| Ansett Air Freight | 1989 | 2000 |
| ASA – Airlines of SA | 2004 | 2006 |
| Asian Express Airlines (Australia) | 1996 | 2008 |
| Australian Airlines | 2002 | 2006 |
| Big Sky Express | 2004 | 2006 |
| Brindabella Airlines | 1971 | 2013 |
| Compass Airlines (Australia) | 1990 | 1993 |
| Global Air Australia | 1997 | 2005 |
| Great Western Aviation | 1998 | 2006 |
| Hazelton Airlines | 1953 | 2001 |
| Impulse Airlines | 1982 | 2004 |
| Independent Air Freighters | 1993 | 2002 |
| IndoJet Asia | 2008 | 2009 |
| IPEC Aviation | 1976 | 1993 |
| Macair Airlines | 1996 | 2009 |
| Norfolk Airlines | 1973 | 1992 |
| O’Connor Airlines | 1973 | 2007 |
| PACAV – Pacific Aviation Charters | – | – |
| Pionair Australia | 2000 | 2011 |
| Kendell Airlines | 1971 | 2002 |
| Regional Pacific Airlines | 2001 | 2010 |
| SkyAirWorld | 2006 | 2009 |
| Skytrans | 1990 | 2014 |
| Sunshine Express Airlines | 1998 | 2006 |
| Tasair | 1998 | 2012 |
| Transair (Australia) | 2002 | 2008 |
| Trans Australia Airlines | 1946 | 1994 |
| Vincent Aviation (Australia) | 2004 | 2014 |